The Stranger. Illustrated Albert Camus, Stuart Gilbert

The Stranger, also published in English as The Outsider, is a novella by French author Albert Camus. 
The title character is Meursault, an indifferent French settler in Algeria described as "a citizen of France domiciled in North Africa, a man of the Mediterranean, an homme du midi yet one who hardly partakes of the traditional Mediterranean culture." He kills an Arab man in French Algiers, who was involved in a conflict with one of Meursault's neighbors. Meursault is tried and sentenced to death. 
The story is divided into two parts, presenting Meursault's first-person narrative view before and after the murder, respectively.
The theme and outlook are often cited as examples of Camus' philosophy, absurdism, coupled with existentialism; though Camus personally rejected the latter label.